Ang Lee’s Treatment of the Romance between his two Protagonists in “The Wedding Banquet”

Ang Lee’s Treatment of the Romance between his two Supporters in â€Å"The Wedding Banquet† Introduction The two supporters in Ang Lee’s movie are Simon and Wai Tung. These are two cheery lovers from different parts of the universe, but populating in America. Ang Lee treats love affair in the movie as a complicated affair affecting non merely two persons but besides other stakeholders in their lives, such as, friends and relations. In this essay, I shall show that Ang Lee treats love affair as a complex phenomenon that triumphs despite the obstructions. Body Harmonizing to Lee’s movie, the love affair complication is that Wai Tung and Simon is a cheery twosome who lives in Manhattan. Wai Tung’s parents are conservative and want to see their boy acquire married and bear them a grandchild in order to go on their household line of descent. However, the love affair between Wai Tung and Simon is so strong that they decide to continue it, while they look out for a solution that would affect Wai’s parents. For case, the cheery twosome spends a batch of money in individual nines with an purpose of acquiring Wai perfect bride. To cover up their romantic relationship, Simon suggests that Wai Tung and Wei Wei, their renter who besides has a romantic complication with a Caucasic adult male, prosecute in a fraud matrimony. Wei Wei readily accepts the matrimony thought majorly because she is despairing to go on remaining in America ; hence the demand for a green card ( Hamamoto & A ; Liu 2000, p.265 ) . The matrimony between is planned in a such a manner that the Wei Wei will remain in America, Wai’s parents will be happy about the intelligence, and that she will go forth the two work forces together enjoy their romantic relationship. This is a clear indicant of a strong love relationship between the supporters, as they are willing to take immense hazards in order to stay happy together. The determination is a slippery one because it is against the in-migration ordinances to remain in the state without a green card or proper mandate. Therefore, the two could be charged for fraud if the governments get wind of their programs. It is besides hazardous because it is against their parents’ want to prosecute in a fraud matrimony. Nevertheless, the possible benefits if the planned matrimony tend to dominate the hazards and the three move on with their programs ( Hamamoto & A ; Liu 2000, p.267 ) . Thinking they besides need to gull the governments, Wai and Wei Wei work on familiarising with each other in order to obtain the in-migration license. It is merely when Wai’s parents, the Gaos announce that they are winging in to go to their son’s nuptials that everyone is thrown into a terror. However, the program can still work efficaciously if merely the three plotters work hard to retrieve and make their functions for the two hebdomads the Gaos will be in the metropolis. The events that follow seem to negatively impact the love affair between Wai and Simon ( Hamamoto & A ; Liu 2000, p.277 ) . Their program about goes through as Wai-Tung’s parents fly in from Taiwan for their son’s nuptials. The luxuriant nuptials feast causes so many complications, as Wei Wei rapes the ‘husband’ and becomes pregnant. Mr. Gao, Wai Tung’s father gets to cognize the truth and sacrifices his traditions for his son’s felicity by following Simon. Ang Lee depicts a same-sex love affair, between two work forces from different racial backgrounds. The love affair between Wei Wei and the Caucasic adult male is inhibited by the cultural and racial difference ( Hamamoto & A ; Liu 2000, p.275 ) . Besides, the nuptials ceremonial takes topographic point without a enlistment. Simon offers to take them out for dinner and they run into Mr. Gao’s old companion. The comrade’s thought to throw a nuptials feast for the twosome in award of his old commanding officer, Mr. Gao puts the program whole program off balance. After a exuberant and intoxicant filled party, the nuptial twosome goes to bed, where things get complicated. In another attempted love affair between Wei and Wai, the former rapes the groom and subsequently realizes that she is pregnant. As a consequence, this becomes a serious job to the homosexual lovers, as that would deteriorate their love relationship. Simon gets annoyed by the bend of events, likely out of green-eyed monster. Lee besides demonstrates love affair as a self-generated and that can irresistible. This is seen in the in the movie when when Simon and Wai are caught by Mr Gao seeking to mouse into an afternoon sex session. This happens when the cheery twosome thinks that no 1 is in the house. The passionately kiss in the anteroom and deprive each other as they climb the steps. Unfortunately, Mr. Gao is watching and their cupboard love affair is discovered. Ang Lee treats love affair between same sex persons as unacceptable and immoral. This is seen through the manner he makes the characters in the movie behave. For case, Simon and Wai are in secret in love with one another and hope to transport on their relationship behind their parents’ back. This is because it is obvious that the parents will non O.K. of such a relationship, particularly now that they are traditional Chinese who want a grandchild ( Hamamoto & A ; Liu 2000, p.267 ) . Therefore, the movie author depicts a cheery love affai r as a frailty in the society that the victims try difficult to conceal it from everyone else. Compared to Wong Kar-wai’s movie, In the Mood for love, love affair is brought approximately as a complicated matter between a adult male and adult female, who are following door neighbours ( Marcus & A ; Nicholls 2004, p.545 ) . The supporters in this movie are Chow Mo-wan who is a journalist, and Su Li-zhen who is a secretary in a transportation company ( Cui 2007, p.4 ) . The complication in their relationship lies in the manner the love affair began. Leery that their several partners are rip offing on them, they unconsciously develop feelings for each other. Therefore, the supporters in the movie illustrate that love affair is self-generated and resistless ( Chow 2007, p.65 ) . Ang Lee besides seems to be pass oning a critical message through love affair in the movie that nil remains concealed for long despite the battle to make so. When Simon and Wai’s complicated love relationship is eventually discovered by Mr. Gao, it becomes clear that anything done in secret can ever come out in the visible radiation ; that is truth ever triumphs. Even after his find, Mr. Gao tries to maintain the issue to himself without stating the married woman. This, nevertheless, does non stay a secret for long as Wai Tung succumbs to coerce and defeat of the secret and decides to state the female parent the truth. For case, after his father’s 2nd shot and frequent battles between him, Wei Wei and Simon, Wai opens up to the female parent who is absolutely surprised ( Hamamoto & A ; Liu 2000, p.268 ) . Correspondingly, Wong Kar-wai, demonstrates that love affair can non be hidden for long. In every bit much as the film’s supporters are seeking to conceal their love relationship, it finally comes out in the unfastened for the neighbours to see. Although Chow and Su are seeking to conceal their feelings from each other, they eventually decide to acknowledge it. Therefore, love affair is a natural phenomenon that is neither difficult to conceal nor stamp down and that the earlier the stakeholders involved accept it, the better for the parties involved ( Martin & A ; Heinrich 2006, p.32 ) . Ang Lee’s movie besides dares to convey out love affair through an unusual manner ; gay relationship between the supporters. The society is evidently non amused by such a relationship and in fact discourages it by all agencies. However, through the movie, Jay Lee bravely makes it clear to the spectator that cheery relationships are existent, no affair how hard the society efforts to stamp down it. Through the movie, Lee shows that love affair can be good between opposite sex persons every bit good as same sex spouses. For illustration, Wei Wei was in a romantic relationship with a Caucasic adult male, but her parents would non O.K. of the relationship. The same sex love affair is illustrated by the love between Simon and Wei ( Hamamoto & A ; Liu 2000, p.270 ) . On contrast, Wong Kar-wai, brings out love affair in a normal manner between a adult male and a adult female ; Chow and Su. Compared to the homosexual love affair between Simon and Wai, Chow and Su’s relationship is acceptable in the society. However, the relationship is criticized by the sixtiess conservative Chinese who find a friendly relationship between a adult male and a adult female as Wyrd. In an attempt to maintain their relationship platonic, the two autumn for each other. Besides, they do non desire to crouch excessively low as their cheating partners, yet the terminal up as lovers ( Chow 2007, p.65 ) . Even though the society disapproves of such relationships, Lee depicts that it thrives despite all odds. This is illustrated by the instance of the two supporters in the film. Although Wai’s male parent is so aghast to detect the truth about his boy that he suffers a shot, he eventually accepts his position. He even goes to a great extent to back up him by following Simon as his boy. Likewise, Mrs. Gao learns to accept the state of affairs. This makes the two vanquishers as their love relationship continues in malice of the social opposition. Wong Kar-wai in the movie ‘In the Mood for Love’ illustrates a normal love relationship between a adult male and a adult female ; Chow and Su ( Smith 2010, p.173 ) . The movie depicts the love affair between Chow and Su as successful one in the beginning ( Deutelbaum & A ; Poague 2009, p.51 ) . Nevertheless, factors including distance and work affect their relationship a great trade. Chow decides to work in Singapore and leav es behind Su. Finally, the love affair between them of course dies ( Martin & A ; Heinrich 2006, p.56 ) . In add-on, Ang Lee’s treats love affair between the two supporters as a natural and self-generated phenomenon. It is demonstrated as a state of affairs that exists between two persons who feel common attractive force and trust between themselves without much attempt. As the movie unfolds, it is clear that the love affair between Simon and Wai started through a phone conversation. Lee uses telephones as a symbol of cheery familiarity. The telephones besides enhance the being of the cupboard and unfavourably impact the familiarity. Besides, their first buss happens after both of them had a conversation to prove the cellular telephone that Simon bought Wai ( Hamamoto & A ; Liu 2000, p.275 ) . What is more, merely as in any other normal love relationship, Lee portrays the love affair between Simon and Wai as strong and existent. Normally, lovers tend to interchange gifts as an look of love. In this instance, Simon buys Wai a portable phone so as to heighten communicating between them. Furthermore, lovers in existent life scenario tend to make one another favours as a manner of showing their feelings. In this instance, Lee depicts a strong love love affair between the supporters through the same ( Hamamoto & A ; Liu 2000, p.275 ) . On the contrary, the cupboard love affair in the drama is besides facilitated by the telephone. Wai’s parents’ presence can be felt in the homosexual relationship even before they land in New York. This happens through the late dark and long distance calls, which serve to interfere with the couple’s slumber. As good, the homosexual relationship in the movie is created by telephone, which may be disembodied and romanticized, but can besides be free of a position of homosexual gender as merely sex ; cold, unemotional, and sterile. The conversation on phone aid to unify the characters and underlines their ignorance and isolation of each other’s feelings. For Wai, the telephone communicating helps to maintain prolong the cupboard ( Hamamoto & A ; Liu 2000, p.276 ) . In the movie, Jay Lee besides treats love affair as a phenomenon that cuts across racial boundaries in the universe. This is against the traditional position of looking at love affair as possible and should go on between two persons within one racial, spiritual, political, and societal association. The instance of Simon and Wai drives Lee’s message on love affair place. The fact that the two lovers come from different parts of the universe proves that love affair can absolutely go on across different civilizations and races. Simon is an American piece Wai is an Asia, yet they are involved in a strong romantic relationship. Apart from being involved in a homosexual relationship, the two are cross-cultural lovers, something against the traditions of Wai’s conservative parents. The fact that Wai’s parents’ have ever been pressing him to acquire himself a perfect Chinese lady to get married and acquire them a grandchild confirms that they do non O.K. of a cros s-cultural or cross-racial matrimony or love affair non to advert cheery matrimony. Therefore, Jay Lee treats the love affair in the movie as diverse phenomenon ( Hamamoto & A ; Liu 2000 p.274 ) . By contrast, Wong Kar-wai movie depicts a complicated love affair between a two Chinese persons, Chow and Su. While Lee shows that love affair knows no cultural, spiritual, political, geographical, and racial boundaries, Wong Kar-wai portrays a love affair that suffers because of work and geographical barriers. Chow and Su’s love affair seems weakened by the distance that finally develops when Chow relocates to Singapore. This leaves the spectator inquiring whether the love affair was non merely meant for convenience as it looks superficial ( Chow 2007, p.65 ) . Further, Lee’s movie demonstrates that love affair can be and boom against all odds. This is illustrated when the supporters in the movie win in acquiring married. Wai and Simon successfully maintain their relationship. Nevertheless, Wong Kar-wai shows that love affair is hindered by assorted factors including work and distance. For case, when Chow moves to Singapore for work, he leaves Su behind ( Martin & A ; Heinrich 2006, p.34 ) . What is more, Lee demonstrates love affair as a dearly-won matter. This implies that for love affair to thrive in any society, a batch of costs are incurred by the parties involved. Lee uses love affair between Simon and Wai to demo this. Since Wai’s household insist on him get marrieding a Chinese lady, the love affair between them greatly affected the household. In fact, their opposition to the homosexual love affair caused Mr. Gao to endure a shot. However, because he wanted to delight his boy, he decides to give his cultural demands and adopts Simon so that he can be portion of the household. Similarly, Wong Kar-wai notes that successful love affair is dearly-won to the stakeholders involved. Chow and Su’s love affair is dearly-won is the sense that they get separated by work and distance. They besides suffer from neighbors’ examination due to the Chinese civilization ( Chow 2007, p.65 ) . Decision Clearly, love affair is depicted as a complicated matter by Ang Lee’s movie. the complication in this involves assorted facets include same-sex relationship, parents’ opposition, cultural beliefs, costs and forfeits that need to be made. Lee demonstrates that love affair is a natural, self-generated, and dearly-won phenomenon in the society. Besides, Lee shows that love affair can be between same sex persons, hence ensuing in homosexual relationship as it happens between the supporters in the movie. It is besides apparent in the movie that love affair can go on and thrive across political, cultural, societal, spiritual, and racial backgrounds, as it happens between Simon and Wai in the movie. This contrasts with Wong Kar-wai’s thought of convenient love affair hindered by distance and work-related factors. Although Wong Kar-wai ‘s movie brings out normal love affair between a adult male and a adult female, the relationship fails every bit compared to the su ccessful homosexual love affair in Ang Lee’s movie. Mentions Chow, R 2007,Sentimental Fabulations, Contemporary Chinese Films: Attachment in the Age of Global Visibility, Columbia University Press, Michigan.pp.65-69. Cui, M 2007,The Cinema of Wong Kar Wai: Chinese and Western Culture Differences in Narrative Cinemas, Universal-Publishers, Sydney. Pp.4-9. Deutelbaum, M & A ; Poague, L 2009,A Hitchcock Reader, John Wiley & A ; Sons, New Jersey. Pp.51-59. Hamamoto, DY & A ; Liu, S 2000,Countervisions: Asiatic American Film Criticism, Temple University Press, Hong Kong, Pp. 265-280. Marcus, L & A ; Nicholls, P 2004,The Cambridge History of Twentieth-Century English Literature, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Pp. 545. Martin, F & A ; Heinrich, L 2006,Corporal modernnesss materiality, representation, and Chinese civilizations, University of HawaiE »i Press, Honolulu: Pp. 30-70. Smith, WG 2010,Socrates and Subtitles: A Philosopher ‘s Guide to 95 Challenging Movies from Around the World, McFarland, Hong Kong. pp. 173-187.

Ethics and Ethical Dilemma

The movie that I chose for ethical dilemma is the Disney movie called â€Å"UP†. It is a story based on an old man and how a boy’s scout boy helps the old man keep his house by floating the old man’s house with balloons. This is an adventurous movie. It has a lot of ups and downs. The ethical dilemma in this movie the man is old, his wife is dead and the city is building new buildings all around his house they want him to vacant his him go to an old folk’s home to live for the rest of his remaining life, which is the ethical thing to do.But instead the story is a bit far stretched out, but he ‘escapes' it in an unethical unrealistic way and floats his house away with balloons. The old man risks his life; the boys scout boy, and the dog. The situation could have been worse, where the old man’s house could fall anywhere in the story making this a terrible and unrealistic idea of saving his house. Another ethical dilemma in this movie is the bird ; it is obviously an endangered species. So does the original explorer guy have the right to capture the bird and show to the world?Or does the old man have the right to stop the explorer and rescue the bird? In my opinion the explorer has some rights, but the way he wants to make money out of the bird is unethical. The old man has the right to stop the explorer because the old man sees his self through the eyes of the bird and how he cannot live the life he wants to in his house. At the end not only does the old man not have to go to an old folk’s home, instead he keeps his house. Unrealistically the house sits right where the story started from. The movie showed how jam packed the city is, but the old man was able to restore his house.Once the house was where it started from, none of the city officials took any actions, but instead let the old man keep his house and the city officials built their buildings and roads around the house which could be a hazardous situation in t he future. The old man once again finds happiness from boy and dog and he never has to worry about construction again. He escapes reality so to speak. No matter how I look at this movie at an ethical point, all I can say is that sometimes unrealistic stories like â€Å"UP† teach us a good moral lesson about life.

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An essay defining the economic theory of capitalism. Capitalism is an economic system in which the private sector controls and regulates the economy. This paper defines capitalism and explores its origins in economist Adam Smiths Wealth of Nations back in 1776.It also discusses critics of the system, the most influential being Karl Marx whose Marxism theory claimed that economic crises and capitalism are linked. Under ideal conditions, the growth of capitalism spurs friendly competition for consumers, ensuring that private enterprises will provide the best goods or the best services at the most reasonable prices.The reality, however, is that bigger corporations tend to monopolize their markets through practices other than friendly competition.Rather than concentrating on product development, many big manufacturers rely on marketing practices such as glitzy ad campaigns and celebrity endorsers to hook consumers.Corollary to this, many smaller businesses that provide comparable or even better products are not able to compete. This limited arena of competition also gives rise to an underclass of workers, many located overseas.Conglomerates such as Nike take advantage of cheap labor from countries like China to keep the prices of their shoes down.Such labor practices would be harder to enact in the United States, where the government is responsible for enforcing labor laws.

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The Future of Merit and the Civil Service System - Essay Example Illustratively, Condrey & Battaglio (2007) argued that in past few years, the principles related with merit in practice have been altered in the US civil service system. Nevertheless, irrespective of all the changes observed, the meritocratic idealism in the system remains to be a noteworthy aspect, especially when focusing on efficient decision making criteria in the Human Resources Management (HRM) dimension (Condrey & Battaglio, 2007). In contradiction of these notions, Ingraham (2006) reveals a sense of skepticism to the viability of the principles as well as the practices related with merit in modern civil services system. Asserting various issues or challenges in relation to determine the future of merit in the civil service system, Ingraham (2006) argues with respect to underdeveloped governmental performance as linked with the reform of civil services, particularly with performances and diminished democratic responsibilities for the same. With this concern, the essay intends to compare the arguments postulated in the two articles of Ingraham (2006) and Condrey & Battaglio (2007) emphasizing the significance of a meritocratic civil service system in the modern US context. ... In precise, the arguments of this essay will be based on the following themes, which will further act as a base for its framework. The central point of debate in the two articles concerning the significance of merit in the reformed civil services system of the US Socio-political implications of the inferences drawn and their reliability Summative lessons obtainable from the articles Brief summary of the central point of debate in the two articles â€Å"A Return to Spoils? Revisiting Radical Civil Service Reform in the United States† The major points argued in the article titled, â€Å"A Return to Spoils? Revisiting Radical Civil Service Reform in the United States†, emphasize that the prime objectives of civil service reform in the US exhibit deep significance in the political smoothness and economic prosperity of the nation. Therefore, with the gradual and continuous reforms in the civil services dimension, as the merit based personnel management trend became faded, th e economy also had to suffer various mayhems, mostly in the form of socio-political conflicts. As stated by Condrey & Battaglio (2007), the target of civil service reform in the US, since its commencement has been to enhance efficiency in the HRM practices by making the managerial authority much stronger and transparent at the same time. For example, the initiative taken by Brownlow Commission in the year 1937 in introducing an effective management-oriented system in public personnel administration was aimed to deliver greater control to the management concerning personnel management in companies. However, focusing on the recent reforms in the US civil services system

Stereo Field Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Stereo Field - Essay Example One of the radical changes in music production was marked through the development of computer music that involved pre-recorded media, speakers and stereos. Thus, the association between the music creation and physical human movement got disrupted through the use of computer that brought a type of non-instrumental composition in addition to the music production functions such as synthesis, recording and sequencing. However, the link between music and physical human movement has once again revived in the realm of computer music due to the use of latest sensors and the evolution of custom interfaces. The real time and highly interactive technologies allow computer music to extend itself to the physical world of human movement and thus, open the gate towards the creation of extremely imaginative alternative musical instruments such as the hyper instruments (HI’s) that were introduced by Tod Machover. Such interactive music systems offer limitless possibilities. Conventional instru ments are highly interactive systems as they respond immediately to a specific physical action with a corresponding musical action. Hyper instruments are directly derived through conventional instruments and therefore, they respect this basic link with traditional instruments. However, hyper instruments revolutionize the functionality of conventional instruments since they fundamentally enhance the two sides of the interaction.

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Music under Stalin - Essay Example The RAPM which dominated the 1920s and 1930s also advocated for anti-Western aesthetics that could be seen in works such as Lady Macbeth and led to the realization of the commencement of the Soviet musical history. Members of this group such as Marian Koval became one of the greatest critics of the works of Shostakovich (Edmund 2000, p. 88). There were other groups that were not as influential as RAPM such as Muzyka-massam which translates to music to the masses founded in 1929 to produce music to the citizens. Much, later, there has been political meaning given to the music written by Russian composers such as Shostakovich in which the works were overtly propagandist in nature such as the Eleventh Symphony that were a protest against the Soviet Union under Stalin. Shostakovich also composed music that could be said to be formalist when the RAPM was influential such as the opera â€Å"The Nose† and the ballets â€Å"Bolt and The Golden Age† that showed disdain for the m usic performed by RAPM. Despite the good works by artists such as Shostakovich and Prokofiev amongst other composers, they underwent a lot of repression in the year 1948 when the regime through its secretary general issued a decree denouncing them for their formalism and thus their music was suppressed with no publications or performances. Music under Stalin The Soviet regime’s under Stalin and those who adopted Stalinism had a stranglehold on the music that was supposed to be produced and composed that made creativity a difficult affair. However, some artists such as Shostakovich, Prokofiev and others managed to create musical masterpieces with distinct messages mainly to counter propaganda and inspire revolutionary purposes amongst the masses (Fairclough 2012, p. 68). There is still very limited understanding of the Soviet reality as concerns the music that was played and performed under Stalin. This incomprehension often leads to the misunderstanding and misrepresentation of the motivations and activities of those who composed and performed music including their meaning in the Soviet Union under Stalin. For example Shostakovich rarely explained his musical pieces with a program emphasizing no reference or illusions to his attitude towards the Soviet regime. Instead, he preferred confiding in a circle of friends whom he could t rust as discussing his music elsewhere would have killed his musical career. The revered Russian composer Rodion Shchedrin states that during the 1950s, nobody wanted to go to the gulag as at that time there was no independent judiciary in Russia as the Communist party was the only jury with Stalin as the assumed judge. There is clear evidence that music was mostly composed for the omnipotent regime which sought to control the citizens both physically and spiritually as shown by the music of Prokofiev and Shostakovich. These two geniuses of Russian music were later accused amongst other Soviet musicians of not composing music that was accessible to the masses with their music christened ''antinarodnaya† which implied that their music was against the people. In â€Å"The War Symphonies: Shostakovich against Stalin† by Larry Weinstein, the author states that the film is clearly made to counter the propaganda of the

A critical evaluation of one aspect of contemporary hospitality Essay - 1

A critical evaluation of one aspect of contemporary hospitality management - Essay Example nstances, ordering, deliverance, imbursement, and stocking are commenced and completed by information which is captured by examining equipment with little involvement of human resources. Some hotel chains used to sell their ownership to the foreign investors though still keeping control. This provides them with the capital which was required for further growth. The classifications of regular American Hotel are: commercial hotels, conference centres, airport hotels, economy hotels, residential hotels, suite hotels, casino hotels, and resort hotels (Irs, 2014). The hotel industry varies from privately owned businesses to major global groups with more than six lakh room (Irs, 2014). The international hospitality industry involves the organizations or companies which provide accommodation and food to the individuals. It covers broad range of locations, jobs, activities, as well as economic brackets. The hospitality industry involves four sectors which are beverage and food, recreation, l odging, and tourism and travel. The travel industry moves people to different places while tourism industry offers with services which promote vacations and travel (Teare and Olsen, 1992). The Gaviota Tourism Group (Group de Turismo Gaviota) is founded in 1988 having situated in Cuba. It is the company with the dynamic expansion in the monarchy of the tourism industry in Cuba; present in major travel destinations and is also working progressively for the growth of the country. As of today, the Gaviota Tourism Group runs total 52 facilities amongst villas and hotels, with 19,214 rooms in function, with more than 650 million of yearly sales and also an average annually development of the hotel portfolio of 12.4%. The growth rate of this hotel industry will stay at a point of 20.3% yearly, ending with more than 4,000 rooms every year, therefore doubling the figure of guestrooms which is estimated to reach 46,000 by 2017 (Gaviota, 2014). For more than 26 years of the hotel excellence as

Waitrose Strategic Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Waitrose Strategic Analysis - Essay Example Integrity and transparency is also found to be crucial in the strategic planning of Waitrose. The vision of Waitrose in implementing its strategic operations is concentrated on generating value for its employees and also for its other stakeholders by rendering due significance to transparency and integrity in its business operations. In its vision statement, the company also states that employees are treated to be the owners of Waitrose where due consideration is provided towards their inclusion in the decision making process (Waitrose, 2013). In its mission statement, Waitrose further emphasises to create a difference by rendering quality assurance to its customers generating greater brand value in its targeted market. In its mission, the company also intends to work in partnership with large brands in the industry. To be precise, creating a healthy competitive environment and through better resource allocation, the company intends to deliver its services to its customers through effective pricing which secures its organisational interests as well as the interests of its stakeholders (Waitrose, 2013). Waitrose, 2013. The Waitrose Difference. About Waitrose. [Online] Available at: http://www.waitrose.com/content/waitrose/en/home/about_waitrose/our_company/the_waitrose_difference.html [Accessed March 04,

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Dog - Essay Example Another fundamental difference that would be exhibited from the perspective of the dog would be the way in which emotions, speech, and communication is understood. Naturally, due to the limited vocabulary that most dogs understand, the level to which they can make sense out of the hundreds, even thousands of sounds that humans make is also limited. Such a drawback actually compounds the level of confusion that they animals face within the current world. However, one cannot simply focus upon the drawbacks that living within a dog’s body would portend; there are also a great many strengths and abilities that one would gain by having all of the abilities that canines have. For instance, the first of these would be the speed and agility which many breads exhibit as a function of the way they run, jump, and play. Naturally, having four legs would greatly improve the speed, agility, and stability that one would experience as a simple human. Similarly, when one considers the extraordinarily strong sense of hearing and smell that dogs exhibit, one can only begin to imagine the level of advantage that this would give with reference to being able to experience what a highly attuned and accentuated senses would feel like. Sadly, all of the senses that one would experience within the body of a dog would not be accentuated as the fact of the matter is that many scientists have proven that the visual capabilities of dogs are severely limited as compared to that which humans can ultimately boast. Of course thus far this analysis has simply focused upon the key areas of difference and divergence that humans and dogs would have. However, the more important factor is if one were trapped in the body of a dog they would necessarily be highly interested in the way in which humans viewed them as living and worthy of life. Whereas

Discuss One environmental problem facing cities and outline some solutions Essay Example for Free

Discuss One environmental problem facing cities and outline some solutions Essay Discuss One environmental problem facing cities and outline some solutions The issue of a severe problem called solid waste in Manila and Beijing is becoming a matter of concern. Causes of numerous waste aroused widespread attention. Therefore, the solution to reduce greenhouse gas emission from solid waste management can be regional and international (Ooi, 2009, p.189). It seems that waste has become an important part of the environmental problem in cities. Waste can be divided into two distinct parts, hazardous waste and non-hazardous waste, and the non-hazardous waste is consisted of municipal solid waste, industrial waste and some other types (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2012). Because of the large amount of waste, government needs to spend more human and financial resources. Therefore, some additional environmental problems in cities are related to waste, such as air pollution, water pollution and the greenhouse effect. This article will introduce the causes of municipal solid waste, industrial waste and hazardous waste, and some effective prevention methods to solve these problems. The spawning of municipal solid waste, which including residents living garbage, hospital waste and commercial waste, building waste, leads to the most serious problem. Most of human behaviour could cause the growth of solid waste. Materials which are thrown away by citizens, such as the product bottles, food scraps, newspapers and batteries are the direct causes of solid waste. Consequently, effective methods need to be implemented. The most direct method is to decrease the amount of waste. To perform the principle of waste prevention, the society should focus on the recycling and collecting, which means to withdraw useful and organic materials, then turn these items into new products. This method could reduce the needs of raw materials. In addition, waste can be used as a resource and it will be economical use (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2012). Manufacturing and industrial procedure are the most direct cause of industrial waste. Stone tools and sickles are difficult to be seen in current-day, because in factories, up-to-the minute production lines that produce numbers of waste per day are used as a substitute for wood and stone. To show an example, by 1990 the amount of industrial waste has raised  up to 265 million tons, which is a shocking figure to the public (Waste Industries, 2013). Hence, the city government should provide a convenient environment for factory managers and convince them that they should undertake the environmental responsibility. Meanwhile, managers should comply with the principle of recycling industrial waste. Therefore, waste management issues in cities should be people-oriented (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2012). Hugo (2012) stated †Some industrial waste management services companies even emphasize on understanding clients’ industrial processes that produce waste and then supplying the tools for deterring accurate chemical and physical properties.† In addition, hazardous waste is damaged in both human health and the city environment. Solvents, electroplating wastes, heavy metals, and acids, which all produced by laboratory and chemical plant in cities cause substantial accumulation of hazardous waste. In agriculture, citizens’ non-standard behavior of using pesticides can lead to the generation of hazardous waste. Moreover, non-standard behavior in city life can also cause the creation of hazardous waste, such as batteries and some items containing heavy metal thrown away by citizens (Harris et al, n.d.). Thus, cities should take some actions to reduce producing hazardous waste. In industries, numbers of methods need to be done. For instance, melt materials like batteries can be recycled. To recover resource and lean production, Harris (n.d.) claimed â€Å"Zinc can be gathered from smelting furnaces. Used oil, hydraulic fluids, refrigerator compressors and more can be taken from cars and fridges.† Citizens should pay attention to establishing especial collection facilities in cities. Considering the problem of land, the city government needs to find a suitable place in the city where could offer special disposal of toxic waste (Harris et al, n.d.). In recent years, the number of waste becomes a growing tendency, which is a common phenomenon, has aroused wide concern in cities. The causes of waste are the spawning of Municipal Solid Waste, industrial activities and citizens’ and industries’ non-standard behavior. What is more, to decrease the amount of waste, citizens should standardize their behavior and use waste as a resource, and managers should release their environmental responsibility so that factories could reduce the discharge of industrial waste. Government needs to establish especial collection facilities in cities and find a suitable place for toxic waste. In conclusion, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of recycling and reducing. Citizens of the future may be more environmentally conscious than people in the current society.

Must visit places in Ladakh

Must visit places in Ladakh Ladakh is a land with extraordinary charm. Surrounded by two of the worlds most fascinating mountain ranges, the great Himalayas and the Karakoram, this destination of India is endowed with captivating geographical features. Some of the best places in Ladakh are: Leh: Leh, the crown of Ladakh, is a famous city known for its mind blowing attractions. The snow-capped mountains, the charming river and the beautiful valleys, all combine to make this tourist destination a big hit with tourists. This land has been the center of Tibeto-Buddhist culture for ages. It is one of the best places for mountaineering. The Leh Palace and the beautiful Gompas are striking attractions. Alchi: It is a legendary Himalayan beauty located on the banks of river Indus. Having rich cultural heritage, it is a small village famous for one of the oldest monasteries of Ladakh, Alchi Monastery. Built in the 11th century, the monastery is decorated with beautiful murals and frescoes. Lamayuru: Enveloped in natural beauty, this small village is proud of its arresting Gompas. Surrounded by the huge mountains, the village is a home to the beautiful Kagyupa monastery, which is one of the largest and oldest monasteries in Ladakh. Kargil: Kargil is the second largest urban centre of Ladakh. The town lies nestling along the rising hillside of the lower Suru basin. Two tributaries of the Suru River that meet here are the Drass and Wakha. The land available along the narrow valley and the rising hillsides are intensely cultivated which grow variety of vegetables and cereals. Kargil is also famous for fine apricots grown here. Kargil serves as an ideal base station for adventure activities like trekking, mountaineering, camping, river rafting, etc. Drass: Drass has beautiful pasture grounds and is the second coldest inhabited place in the world, where the temperature goes as low as -50 in winter. Drass has become famous in recent years because of Pakistans misadventure in the Tiger hill. One can have a lovely view of Tiger hill from Drass village. Zanskar: Zangskar is the most isolated of all the trans- Himalayan valleys. Zangskar comprises of two main valleys of Stod and Lunak, which converge below at Padum. The area remains inaccessible for nearly 7 months in the year due to snowfall and this makes this valley one of the coldest inhabited lands in the world. All the high passes are close in the winter and the river freezes on the surface. Zanskaris walk along the Frozon River called ChadarTrek to reach the Indus River. The route from Kargil to Padum via Penzi La is the only motorable road to reach Zanskar valley, which remains open from June to September. Padum: Once the capital of the Zangskar valley, today Padum is the administrative headquarters of the region and probably the most populous settlement of Zanskar. Stakrimo Gonpa is on a hill side and the 10th century monument carved on a huge rock near the river bank, provides epigraphic evidence that the region was influenced by Buddhism since ancient period. Nubra Valley: The Nubra Valley means the valley of flowers. The altitude of the valley is about 10,000 ft. above the sea level. The pleasant weather and natural beauty make this place a popular tourist destination. The main attraction in this area is Bactarian Camels around sand dunes, Deskit Samstanling monasteries. Khardung la Pass, and Camel Safari. Pangong Lake: What strikes the eye in coming first in view of this lake is the lovely colour of its water, especially towards evening, which is of the richest deep blue. The water of the Lake is not that as salty as sea water. The landscape on the way to Pangong is spectacular. Dhahanu-The land of Aryans: Dhahanu is situated to the south west of Leh, around 163 Kms. Being on lower altitude Dhahanu is warmer than Leh. The main attraction of this tour is Drokpa Community considered being as the last race of Aryans confined to the valley. Their feature is pure Indo Aryan and they have preserved their racial purity down the centuries. Their culture and religious practices are very similar to ancient pre- Buddhist religion known as Bon-Chos. So, find for yourself why Ladakh is one of the most gifted places in the world.

Suppleness in Physical Education Essay -- Papers

Suppleness in Physical Education The definition of flexibility, suppleness and mobility is the range of movement possible round a joint and this depends on the amount of stretch allowed by the ligaments, joints, tendons and muscles. Flexibility is an important component of physical fitness for all athletes as increasing your flexibility aids performance and helps to avoid unnecessary injury. It is impossible to have the same degree of flexibility around all joints as the joint structure itself limits flexibility, for example a lot of movement is possible at the shoulder joint because it is a ball and socket joint, but movement at the hinge joint of the knee is more limited. Increasing body temperature helps to improve flexibility, which is a good reason why an athlete should always warm up. Our range of movement deteriorates as we get older, due to shortening of the connective tissue and general joint degeneration caused by wear and tear. Why should a netballer do mobility exercises? The objective of mobility training is to improve the range of stretch of the antagonistic muscles. Mobility plays an important part in the preparation of netballers by developing a range of movement to allow technical development and assisting in the prevention of injury. All athletes require a basic level of general all round mobility to allow them to benefit from other forms of training. In addition, netball players will need to develop specific mobility for those joint actions involved in the techniques of their game. Netballers do not have the option to dribble the ball; therefore netball is very much a passing game. Throwing is one... ...ying netball as players have to repeatedly bend down to gather low passes or rolling balls. As I play the position of centre, a high level of stamina is vital as the centre is the player who links the defence to the attack. The centre is designated to a large area on the court so a lot of movement is required. Netball consists of the players continuously passing the ball, so endurance in the biceps brachii and triceps trachii is essential which enables players to pass the ball accurately with speed and power throughout the game. A good level of stamina will ensure that fatigue will not affect your performance. Lack of stamina is highlighted in the last quarter of many matches in which a player complains of â€Å"jelly legs.† This is usually accompanied by decreased performance in skills requiring muscular strength or power.

America’s Mergence of Personal and Public Realms in Arendt’s The Human

America’s Mergence of Personal and Public Realms in Arendt’s The Human Condition America is a superpower, irrefutably the most dominant nation in the world. Underlining this supremacy, however, is the fact that America's society is facing several problems. Among these problems is what Hannah Arendt calls the emergence of society through the mergence of both the personal and public realms. This major problem has spawned numerous other problems, so has been chosen as the underlying cause for the tribulations of modern American society. Hannah Arendt, author of The Human Condition, has provided relevant analysis that applies to this major problem facing American society today. Modern American society intertwines the personal and public realms of its citizens into one, called the social realm. It follows then that, while in public, one's personal life has a serious effect on their position in society. The most prominent measure of one's status is wealth. Many of the influential voices today are of wealthy citizens. It appears that although everyone is entitled to their own opinion,...

Aims of Training and Development Essay -- Business and Management Stud

Aims of Training and Development Training can be teaching employees new skills that are relevant to their current job position or refreshing the skills that they already possess. To have a good training and development programme enables firms to develop individual employees and the organisation itself as training is one of the best forms of motivation. Employees are able to broaden their knowledge and become more valued within the firm. Having a well-trained workforce is greatly beneficial for a company as employees are likely to be more motivated and target driven. Also various jobs and tasks are likely to be carried out more efficiently if the workforce is highly skilled at what they do. Listed below are some off the main benefits to a company in having a well-trained workforce: - Training and development will enable a company to have a much more flexible workforce - Employees will become more motivated and are then likely to be more productive - If employees are offered advanced training in areas such as ICT, HSBC may find that can progress further as a firm into more advanced markets - If employees are motivated and comfortable in the work they do there will be a fall in absenteeism - If employees are properly trained in health and safety accidents around the workplace will be reduced Ø Types of Training The three main types of training that companies offer are: - Induction Training - On-the-job Training - Off-the-job Training Induction Training This involves introducing new employees to the workplace, existing employees and showing them what the job will entail. It is important that the they get an idea of how the company is run, the companies history and that they get familiar with the services and products the company offer. During the induction process employees will be shown health and safety procedures and the basic layout of the workplace. This is so they know where an appropriate member of staff if a problem was to occur. The induction process allows employees to gain essential knowledge before starting their job and ensures safety and maintenance in the workplace. On-the-job Training During on-the-job training employees are taught the skills and techniques they need while actually carrying out their job. Types of on-the-job training include Coaching and Mentori... ...nowledge and this will depend on their learning ability and training needs. To plan this properly HSBC design a training and development plan and use it to summarise the required financial support. The training is split into: Ø Training and Competence Ø Management Development Ø Supervision/team leader courses Ø Professional qualifications Ø Maintenance of professional knowledge Ø Learning Centre Ø Individual training needs – HSBC Ø Individual training needs – external The finance department will budget a certain amount for training and the training department will have to make sure they stick to it. This means that the training department would have to justify all costs associated with the various training and development methods. They would have to assess how many hours and how many workers the training will use to get a rough idea of the cost. Clearwater Strategy HSBC use a strategy known as â€Å"Clearwater†. This is a strategy for differentiating the bank from its competitors through the provision of high quality customer service. This would create an environment conducive to increased sales producing income growth and thus increased profitability.

Compare and Contrast Classical Greece and Han China Essay

From 600 BCE to 600 CE, known as the classical period, Greece and Han China began to develop. These empires were extremely important and successful. However, despite their success, Classical Greece and Han China had major similarities and differences in their political, technological and economic/environmental views. These societies were similar in the fact that they emphasized certain buildings being built, such as urban centers, or universities. Both built systems to make certain aspects of life easier as well. The Greeks built aqueducts and the Chinese built a system of roads within their society. They were both also similar in the fact that both civilizations experienced population growth during the classical period, which led to expansion. Although they had multiple similarities, these societies had their differences as well. Politically, Greece was not unified they were divided into separate city-states, where as China was unified. Technologically, The Greeks focused more on building up their army and staying strong, while the Chinese worked on products that could improve their everyday lives, and had less to do with the protection of their civilization. Also, they differed economically/environmentally. Greece’s main items of trading were grapes and wine, China’s main export was silk. Although they had many similarities, Classical Greece and China’s differences outweighed these similarities. Politically, these societies had major differences. Greece was not unified, and was separated into separate city-states. Each city-state was called a Polis. Each Polis included an urban center and its rural territory, an acropolis, agora, public buildings/establishments and fortified walls. Each Polis was also unique and different because they developed independently. Things in each Polis such as traditions, economies,religions and political systems were different. A different person was the â€Å"ruler† of each Polis. Polis’s also had a different, distinct form of government as well. In Han China, they were not divided! China was unified by Shi Huang Di. Since the empire was unified, they were able to focus on bigger and more important political advancements. The entire empire followed Confucian philosophy, which believed that deep down, humans were capable of doing good deeds. They had a standardized currency for trade, which made it easier for trading to take place. The empire even had a Civil Service system which was  non-existent in Greece. The Civil Service system was put in charge of duties that regulated the society and kept it in balance. They also conducted the Civil Service Exams, which a citizen could take in order to move up in society. This was China’s form of social mobility. However, these civilizations had slight similarities. Both societies stressed the importance of having certain buildings constructed, such as urban centers and universities. These buildings were highly important for these civilizations because they helped the societies carry out the values that were important to them. Urban centers offered a place to meet, while universities were a site where one could go to become more knowledgeable. Technologically, these civilizations were also different. The technologies that they were able to develop or that were important to them was based primarily on their location geographically. In Classical Greece, they focused on building up a strong military base to fend off the surrounding civilizations of Egypt, Persia (Turkey) and Rome. They did this by developing their technologies in things such as ship building, training skilled sailors, and developing their navy for trading and fighting. However in Han China, they were far less concerned about their military/army base because they only had to worry about their nomadic neighbors! They had time to develop technologies such as the cross-bow, the first seismograph (the tool that is used for predicting earthquakes), they built A LOT of roads, specialized in paper making, and they also popularized silk. The popularization of silk was very important because it was the main product that China used for trade! The Chinese even made their paper out of wood bark, which is partly how we make our’s in today’s society! This shows how technologically advanced Han China really was. Despite these immense differences, Classical Greece and Han China had a few similarities. Both societies built certain systems that made life easier for their society. In Classical Greece, they built aqueducts, which were brick water pipes. These pipes were used to transport water throughout the society. In Han China, a system of roads was built. These roads made it easier to transport goods for trade, and had other uses as well. Although the actual technologies may have been different, the one goal that they shared was similar- to make life easier! From the economic/environmental point of view, Greece and Han China had some major differences. Geographically, Greece was a peninsula. They had access to many natural harbors, and Han China did not, along the Silk Road of Han China, people often died of thirst. Greece was also wasn’t far from societies such as Egypt, Persia and Rome. Being so close allowed for cultural diffusion to be present in Greece. Classical Greece’s major trade products were grapes and wine. They often traded these to get the goods that they needed. Greece even had events such as the Olympic Games. The Olympics even brought the divided city-states together for a brief time, despite rivalries they might have had! In Han China, their society was based on agriculture. However, in Greece, the land wasn’t fertile enough to farm. This was a major difference since agriculture was such an important part to China’s society! Another big difference between the two was the Silk Road. It was China’s source of trade, and they often traded their main export, silk on the Silk Road. Despite all of the products the Silk Road gave China, such as horses (China’s most desired product), it also came with a down side. Many diseases were spread on the Silk Road from Europe! This resulted in diseases coming back to Han China, they didn’t just stay on the Silk Road! Despite their major differences economically/environmentally, there were some similarities. One of these similarities was that both civilizations experienced population growth, which led to expansion. The Han period in China was mostly a period of population growth, expansion, and migration! This was the same for Greece. These societies were doing so well in terms of trade, and being able to support the population and become more advanced led to this population growth! It is a great achievement that these civilizations were able to last so long despite all of the hardships they were faced with such as disease and invasions. Yet, they were so advanced for their time that they seemed untouchable! Greece and Han China were mostly different despite their civilizations lasting so long and being so successful. Their ways politically, technologically, and economically/environmentally worked for whatever problems that they were exposed to where they lived, which is what made them prosper. Their views also shaped the legacy that they would leave  on the world! Especially in terms of things that we use today such as road systems and paper making! These advancements are the things that are so important, and still have us learning about Classical Greece and Han China today!

Pfizer company Analysis Essay

Introduction Pfizer is a pharmaceutical company that is here to help us have a better health. It was founded in (1849) by two cousins Charles Pfizer and Charles Erhart. It was made to discover and developing new ways to prevent and treat disease and also to improve health in the world. The company focuses on meeting the world help needs. Pfizer specializes in many medicines. They have medicines to help all health needs in the world. Throughout this report, I will be discussing all different kinds of medicines this company prescribes, the health and wellness of this company, the leadership and structure and many more important key points about Pfizer. I will also discuss the time line of this company on when events took place. Exploring the History of Pfizer Two cousins, Charles Pfizer and Charles Erhart from Germany open a small company with some money that was borrowed from Charles Pfizer father in (1849). Their first company was open in Brooklyn, New York in a section of Williamsburg. This small red brick building serves as everything, the office, warehouse, laboratory and the factory. Charles Pfizer was a chemist and Erhart was a confectioner and together they made their first product which was a palatable form of santonin. This product was an antiparasitic used to treat intestinal worms. The santonin was blend with almond-toffee flavoring and shape into a candy cone. It was a wonderful success and the company launch. (Pfizer 2009) In 1862, Pfizer launched its first domestic production of tartaric acid and cream of tartar. â€Å"Tartaric acid was used as a laxative and a skin coolant during the Civil War. The cream of tartar was a diuretic and a cleaning agent and also a vital drug to help meet the needs of the Union Army. Among these are iodine, morpahine, cholorform, camphor, and maercurials which are also used in the emerging field of photography.† (Pfizer 2009) By the (1968), the company doubles its side. It have increase it product line and also add 150 new employees. With the company growth, they buy a new building in Manhattan and moves it headquarters there. In (1880), the company started imported concentrates of lemon and lime which Pfizer begins manufacturing citric acid. They became the top producer of citric acid. Once the new drinks gain popularity; like Coca-Cola, Dr. Pepper and Pepsi-Cola, the demand for citric acid climbs the charts.  (Pfizer 2009) As the company double over the year, Pfizer opens an offices and warehouse in Chicago, Illinois, the first location outside the city limit of New York in (1882). On December 27, 1891, Charles Erhart dies and leaves a partnership worth over $250,000 to his son William. But in an agreement among Pfizer and Erhart, Pfizer could buy Erhart’s share at half inventory value. Pfizer became consolidating ownership of the company. (Pfizer 2009) â€Å"Pfizer files an official certificate of incorporation in the state of New Jersey, with authorized capital of $2 million divided into 20,000 shares of $100 each. Pfizer would remain a privately held company until June 22, 1942, when 240, 000 shares of new common stock were offered to the public. Charles Pfizer appointed his youngest son President at a special board meeting. Emile serves as President from (1906) to (1941) and briefly as Chairman in (1941). He was the last member of the family to be an activity member of the company. Charles Pfizer dies at the age of 82 while vacationing at his Newport, Rhode Island estate in 1906. The company has exceeded its sales to 3 million dollars by this time of Pfizer death. Once Pfizer dead, the board of director meets and name John Anderson as chairman of the company. Anderson first started working at Pfizer Inc as an office boy in (1873) and remained chairman until (1929) when he stepped down. (Pfizer 2009) A fermentation-free method of ascorbic acid was developed which was vitamin C. Pfizer was one of the biggest producers of vitamin C. Next came vitamin B-2, or riboflavin, and eventually develops a vitamin mix that includes riboflavin, thiamin, niacin, and iron. Pfizer had a miracle drug called penicillin. This drug was use for soldiers in the war. Pfizer receive an award on April 17, 1943 from the Army for it company’s contribution to the war. (Pfizer 2009) By the 1951, Pfizer have expanded its company in Belgium, Vrazil, Canada, Cuba, England, Mexico, Panama, and Puerto Rico. In (1952), Pfizer introduce an Agricultural Division of the company to offer anim al health problems in Terre Haute, Indiana. Pfizer also open another plant in England in (1955). This plant was a fermentation plant for research and development operations in Great Britain. The company was doing so well, they open another Pfizer pharmaceutical plant in Mexico, Italy, and Turkey. The company workers increase from 4,300 to over 7,000 workers in just one year. (Pfizer 2009) (In 1967), the company introduced its first one a day antibiotic called  Vibramycin (dozycycline hyclate). As the year over taken, Pfizer had a drug called Feldence that became one of the largest-selling prescription anti-inflammatory medications in the world. From 1984-1989, Pfizer had introduce four new drugs. The first drug was Glucotrol which is for diabetes. The next drug was Unasyn (ampicillin sulbasctam). It was an injectable antibiotic. They produced a medication for angina and hypertension which was Procardia XL that is a medication that you take once-a-day. (Pfizer 2009) In June (2001), Hank Mckinnell announces that Pfizer to become the world’s most valued company to patients, customers and the communities we live in everyday. He announced a commitment to fund the building of a regional treatment and training center on the campus of Makerere University in Kampala as part of the Academic Alliance for AIDS Care. As the years passed by, Pfizer announces the launch of a three-year initiative to provide grants to support training and capacity building for HIV/AIDS in developing countries in (2002). (Pfizer 2009) In 2003 research and development received over $7.1 billion of investment from Pfizer. They start on a new medication to treat migraines called Relpax. The US Food and Drug Administration approved the first treatment drug called Lyrica to treat neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy in two forms. This drug also helps treat adults with epilepsy with partial onset seizures. On October 15, 2009, Pfizer wanted to help the lives of the patients and consumers by creating a company with on training products and therapies. (Pfizer 2009) Pfizer Pfizer have three different section of within their company. Pfizer is a incorporation which is a public company that was established in 1849. It is there to discover, develops, manufactures and market human and animal pharmaceuticals drugs. The Pfizer Inc. Corporate Giving Program is a complement of its foundation. Its corporate makes charitable contributions to nonprofit organizations directly. But last not least, The Pfizer foundation supports programs designed to promote access to quality health care and support the involvement of Pfizer community colleagues. (National Directory of Corporate Giving) The foundation have special emphasis in four strategies. The first strategy is to improve health care for people in need. The second strategy is to teach individuals about health care and a  way to prevent things from happening to health care workers and individuals as a whole. Third strategy is to increasing the faculty of health organizations to provide care to people in need. But last, to measure the impact by serving partnership with experts to be able to share the best practice offer. (National Directory of Corporate Giving) Pfizer leadership and Structure This company is made up of the best senior level executive personnel and the best decision-making board member there is offer. This board was brought together to focus on the major decisions of the company. Pfizer had several kinds of health care businesses. Pfizer had businesses such as Capsugel, Oncoogy, Nutrition, and Animal Health. Each company was run by a top executive who had very good knowledge of the company and products. (Pfizer 2009) The Board of Directors is elected annually by shareholders. They are the decision-making body of the company with the help of the shareholders. The Board selects the senior management team, which is charged with the conduct of the Company’s business. The board currently has 16 directors. (Pfizer 2009) Corporate Governance Pfizer was the first company to establish a corporate governance department. Pfizer understand to be trusted by public, they must have a good corporate governance and transparency. Pfizer stated â€Å"In order to create and sustain value for our stakeholders, and for society as a whole, we must first practice responsible business principles.† â€Å"And, we must take into account our stakeholders’ interests and be held accountable to them.† As reading the quote above from Pfizer Company, it clearly states that public opinion matter the most to them. The company want to make sure everyone have some kind of involves with their business. (Pfizer 2009) Public Policy Pfizer has a public policy select in its company. That’s a way the company communicate to people who have a part in their company. The public will be able to have discussing about the company and its product. The public policy is made so that the public can response to item to help improve the company to have better product and also to introduce new product into the company. (Pfizer 2009) Phrases of Development Pfizer Company has four different phrases of clinical development which new drugs are developed through a series of trails. Phrase 1, the company have healthy individual to volunteer for an experiential medicine which is called investigational new drug. This medicine is design to cure a disease which the volunteer currently have. A low dose of this medication is administered to the individual with highly supervision. The volunteer is watch very closed to record it responds to the medication to measure the doses that is best for that individual. (Pfizer 2009) In the second phrase, the drug is watched much closer to see what method is best for the individual. The method can be ever an oral or injection method. These patients for this stage are highly recommended by doctors or is a patient that has the disease that the drug is believed to treat. Phrase 3 is basically checking the results of the experiment to make sure the drug is working properly. The last phrase gather all the result form the trail period to make sure everything when as occurring as plan. They gather all the information on the drug about any risk that could occur while testing this drug on individuals. (Pfizer 2009) Programs Pfizer have many grants that they give out to university, foundation and other organizations. Pfizer also have many programs within it company. I will list and discuss some of the programs:  ConnectHIV: The foundation supports programs designed to serve communicates that are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS through grants to 20 mid-sized AIDS service organizations in the 10 states of the US with the highest number of new AIDS cases. The program is designed to prevent new infections to high-risk populations and delay disease progression for those already infected by supporting ASOs that take a comprehensive approach to presentation, access to care, and treatment. (National Directory of Corporate Giving) Science in Schools: The foundation supports programs designed to improve education in communities around the world. Special emphasis is directed toward programs designed to build fully-equipped science labs and math classrooms to train local science teachers and develop initiatives to  encourage corporations and individuals to partner with local schools. It also helps teachers to study science in order to bring innovative knowledge and technology into the classroom. (National Directory of Corporate Giving) Volunteer Programs (PVP): The foundation awards grants up to $1,500 to performing arts groups, museums, agencies serving the elderly, schools, libraries, hospitals, and community health organizations which employees and retirees of Pfizer volunteer. (National Directory of Corporate Giving) Matching Gift: The foundation matches contributions made by employees and retirees of Pfizer to nonprofits organizations on a one for one basis. (National Directory of Corporate Giving)  Global Health Partnerships: Advancing Caner and Tobacco Control: The foundation support the partnership of public health in the areas of tobacco independence and oncology. It important is directed toward programs with impact serving as global models in improving cancer-related health outcomes, supporting cancer control and encouraging tobacco independence. Pfizer Animal Health Pfizer is one of the world leaders in Veterinary-prescription medicines. Pfizer supports the veterinarians and animal food producer in making sure food is healthy for animals. Making sure the food is healthy for the animal ensures they will live a longer live. Pfizer also help support the veterinary to prevent animal illness. Articles The next half of my research will be discussing articles that I have researched on about Pfizer found in different magazines. I will be at the best of my knowledge summary the article to assure your understanding. I will also attached copies of the article at the end of the paper. â€Å"Will Pfizer’s giveaway drugs polish its public image?† The first article I will summarize is â€Å"Will Pfizer’s giveaway drugs polish its public image? This article was much unexpected. Pfizer decided to have a giveaway on drugs to reconstruct their company in August 2009. They made this service available for people who have lost their jobs. Pfizer have helped people out before financial but not a giveaway drugs day. Other pharmaceutical  industry wants to do the same thing to help other out also. Pfizer believer this was a good way of letting the public now that curing the disease is the main thing that is important to their company. I believe this article surprise a lot of people all over the world. It was a good thing that Pfizer decide to giveaway drugs to help the people in needed. I think all pharmaceutical company should at least try this once a year to improve their rating of their company. If other company participates in these events, their sells will increase over time. It’s also important that other people are concern about your health as well as yourself. This giveaway made a lot of people happy expressly the one that could afford to buy these drugs on their own.

The Bhopal Gas Tragedy Case

The Bhopal Gas Tragedy of December 3, 1984 is one of the most hazardous industrial accidents in history. The exposure of around 500,000 people to 42 tonnes of toxic methyl isocyanate gas was a nightmare come true for all resulting in deaths in numbers that could never have been imagined from industrial accidents. All this and the after-effects could have been prevented if proper precautionary measures had been taken beforehand. Despite of an accident on such a large scale, initially the company was in a denial mode about the whole matter and later compared the whole thing just to be a ‘tear gas like’ situation. Moreover they failed to provide any immediate antidote for the poisonous gases which had spread all over Bhopal affecting many more than initially imagined. The blame lies as to why no measures were taken regarding huge amounts of water entering tank 610? Why wasn’t there a person to look over the pressure and temperature statistics and control the pressure inside the container once the water had entered? The container should have been designed keeping in mind the sudden increase of pressure due to any such situation. Some margin must have been there to account for sudden such rises. But the industry never had such precautionary steps in mind which eventually led to this. Moreover, the industry should have practiced drills and should have been prepared for such an incident beforehand. They should’ve been aware of methods to control the spread of the toxic gas once it had leaked from the main container. Such a control measure would have restricted the spread. The tank’s alarm had not been working for the past 4 years. A timely check on all such measures would have been helpful for its prevention. The steam boiler used to clean the pipes that caused this leakage had been out of order since a long time. The responsible authorities should have been vigilant on such important issues. Timely cleaning of these pipes would have never caused such a major leakage. Water jets should have been set up in such an industry dealing with hazardous materials so that any toxic leakage’s concentration would have been reduced by spraying water at a high speed while it was still confined within the industry. Carbon steel valves were used in spite of the fact that they easily corrode when exposed to acids. If such a realization had been there amongst the authorities and the valves would have been replaced before, such a tragedy could’ve been prevented. The very fact that the industry was located very close to a densely populated area directs towards ill-planning. The prevention of danger to the civilians should have the utmost priority of the planning authorities. The approving of such a plan by the state is also to blame. Even when the authorities had realized the leakage, they should’ve started working on evacuation plans. This would have prevented the mass suffocation. The police authorities should have been informed at the earliest so that they could have carried on evacuation in the residential areas. But they were kept in the dark for a long time. Also the meteorological data was not monitored properly. Due to the absence of strong winds, the lakes in Bhopal influenced the local circulation significantly and caused northwesterly flow near the surface. The modified flow pattern resulted in the transport of the toxic gas directly into the city area of Bhopal. If proper planning from the meteorological point had been done and the location had been determined such that the flow of toxins was in a different direction, away from the residential areas, then its affect on such a massive scale could’ve been prevented. Tragedies of the scale like the Bhopal Gas Tragedy can only be prevented if the concerned authorities fulfill their duties to the best of their abilities. Being prepared with the preventive measures to all the imaginable problems beforehand is always helpful in controlling accidents to transform to disastrous levels like this one. Proper check of all the safety devices and monitoring all equipment on a regular basis is essential if such accidents have to be prevented in future. A lax by even a single official can prove to be fatal to many. The police and government officials in such areas must approve the plans only after thoroughly checking all equipments and plans and must remain vigilant at all times. Surprise checks must be conducted at these industries to monitor whether the working is being carried out according to the approved methods. It must be ensured that no scope is left for error of any kind which can lead to a disaster.

Lets Love Sport

Let’s love sport As we know playing sport is a good habit that most of the people love it. What is the meaning of the sport? The answer is clear; sport means the regular movement of the limbs of the body in a proper manner. Every day we can encounter with people who play sport but how many percent of those people know the real effect of doing exercise in their body? Absolutely many of them seem not to know the effects. Actually many people don’t realize the benefits and importance of sport. Sport especially your favorite sport gives lots of benefits.The most important benefits of doing exercise on person are physical and psychological effect in a positive way. One of the most well-known positive effects of physical exercise on person is preventing disease. First of all, playing sport increases the immense system of a person. To illustrate, doing exercise helps body to improve white cells and it can defend various kind of microbes. According to scientists’ researc hes, during playing sport body produces Endorphin which actually it pushes out the toxic materials and keeps the heat of the body in balance.The other advantage of playing sport on individual physics is having better body shape. Throughout history, people can’t give-up their interest in their body and also now many people love to have an attractive body shape and they do sport to be more fit. Naturally, by doing sport body automatically decrease amount of internal fat. Due to this fact, doing sport keeps our body in a good shape. Moreover, playing sports may increase the agility of the body. As an example, imagine that there is a car that hasn’t worked for many years.If you try to run the motor engine, it probably not work anymore since it has been rusted consequently the car engine may be broken down. People are similar to engines and motors. If they don’t do sport, they will be forced to rust, in other words, the body’s shape will decompose and the pers ons will lose their agility afterward they may encounter many problems during walking or running. In addition, playing sports balance person body’s blood pressure and also help to control blood cholesterol level.According to many researches which have been done by scientists, we can prove the importance of sport for our health because 70% middle aged people who didn’t do sport in their youth are now faced with the serious problems such as hypertension and they may have difficulty in blood circulation furthermore they become tired easily in early ages due to the lack of doing exercise. The other benefit of doing sport is psychological effect on individual as it increases mental strength. First of all, playing sport increases motivation of individuals positively.To illustrate this, doing sport effects on feeling of persons in a good way and of course they may feel reborn after finishing their exercise. By doing sport person ‘stress will decrease and it may affect h er/his job or university life positively. Furthermore, playing sport increase confidence of the person during working. A clear example is about me, sport changed my life positively and I can see good sides of life more than other sides. I started playing sport (KONG FU) when I was 5 years old.I saw my motivation for doing my home works was higher than my classmates. I had more confidence during exam because I learnt via sport how I can control my mental power to decrees my stress during exams and how can I cope with problems easily. I could pay more effort to do my assignments more than other students and also my competitive spirit was stronger than others because of playing sport. As a result, that’s why I can’t give-up playing sport and I am still with sport. Secondly, doing sport is a good key factor in successful behavior change.It teaches individuals to respect younger and older people. For example, persons who play martial arts such as JUDO or KARATE they can con trol their behavior in terrible condition, they don’t get angry easily and most of time they are smiling and they never fight in a normal life except for essential condition because first step of the playing such sports is to learn to be patient. It shows that having good behavior can also be helpful to have good lifestyle and also can be effective to the behavior of the whole family members and close friends.All in all, there are several advantages and benefits of playing sport within those one of them is physical and other is psychological benefit on individuals. As a result, all kind of sports are good if a person do it in a correct way. Having a regular physical exercise can ensure a healthy body which will lead to have a healthy life for individuals. And most famous and great persons encourage people to do sport. For example, ATATURK (the president of Turkey in 1923-1938) said that â€Å"healthy mind is in healthy body â€Å". That means we need to do sport, we have to play sport . let’s do sport and love it.

Why people Join An Insurgency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why people Join An Insurgency - Essay Example Individuals join insurgencies in order to attain a better status, in order to seek revenge and because these individuals belong to weak socioeconomic backgrounds. One of the reasons due to which individuals join insurgencies is that they perceive that by joining insurgencies they can gain a better status within the society. Individuals belonging to a community may join the insurgency in order to prove that he/she is someone who should be respected as compared to other members of the community. Due to this desire to prove them, various individuals join insurgencies. Canter has cited a research in a textbook that has identified various advantages of joining an insurgency. The research suggests that joining in a violent revolt may help an individual in gaining respect through the fear they may inflict in his/her society and this is why individuals become a part of insurgency (Canter 24). Revenge and or retribution have become a highly known motive due to which individuals may join an insurgency. An individual may have never indulged in violent rebellions but he/she may be forced to do so due to his/her desire to seek revenge against those who he believes have done wrong to him. In recent years many individuals have joined the insurgent group Taliban and one of the reason that have motivated them to do so is because of the anti-US sentiments they have developed because of the drones attack in which people who had no connection with terrorists were killed (Greenfield 1). Socioeconomic background of insurgents is a major reason that pushes them into becoming a part of an insurgent group. Individual belonging to weak socio economic backgrounds fail to attain proper education and they do not have well developed cognition to differentiate between pro-social and anti-social behavior. Due to this these individuals face a higher risk of being brainwashed into thinking that joining an insurgent group is a pro-social

The Human - Computer Interface Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Human - Computer Interface - Essay Example User experience can be vastly enhanced by incorporating multiple sensors into virtual environments because people can immerse into another world more naturally and easily by using their whole body (Schrammel et. al., 2010). Therefore, the Human Computer Interface continues to expand in the field of human-computer communication bandwith by incorporating multiple sensory channels. Meanwhile the growing societal recognition of the needs of people with physical disabilities and neurodegenerative diseases also provide special application domains for Brain-Computer Interface (Tan & Nijholt, 2010). Some researchers advocate â€Å"user interface consistency† as the golden rule in Human Computer Interaction dialogs. Possibility of automating the designs, monitoring, evaluating and comparing the interface properties are the most attractive benefits of consistent designs. However, a clear definition for consistency cannot be found in research literature. In general a consistent design is have, (1) internal interface design consistency and (2) external consistency of interface features with features of other interfaces familiar to the users. Users can obtain convenient, less expensive and versatile products by consistent designs. Example: the training time is 100% to 300% less compared to the random user interface design. Nevertheless some researchers advocate that diverting primary focus from users and their needs into consistency, as narrowing the spectrum of software engineering (Grudin, 1989). Haptic Technology MacLean, 2000, defines â€Å"haptic feedback† as the â€Å"computer control over the tactile or kinesthetic properties of a physical interface, permitting realtime representation of a changing virtual or remote environment rather than a specific, constant handle† (p. 2). In general, haptic feedback is a mechanical response created by the haptic interface in terms of a special vibration sensation. Conventional vibration alerting differs from the haptic feedback as the latter involves advanced vibration patterns and waveforms that convey rather informative messages from a dynamic virtual environment to users. Human brain comprises of various visual, audible, smell, taste and haptic sensory neurons that are stimulated when an objects contact with the respective sensory channel. Sensory receptors located in the human body such as; muscles, tendons, joints and skin in the hands are important for human performances equally to hearing and visual sensing (Torre, 2006). Characteristics of the human brain have largely shaped the designing of modern human-computer interfaces. In the history, models of Human Computer Interactions were dominated by audio-visual simulations (Hayward et. al., 2004). Incorporating haptic, pressure, taste and smell sensors in remotely controlled and virtual environments can be considered as the greatest achievement in modern software engineering. Haptic technology is largely aimed at enhancing the oper ator performances and user experiences by kinesthetic and touch channels stimulation. Humans are rather cautious when touching a surface compared to looking at it. Such characteristics have shape the modern Human Computer Interfaces. Researchers advocate that haptic feedback is rather effective when used in conjugation with other sensory modalities. Example, Morris et. al., 2007, used haptic feedback for teaching undergraduate students a sensorimotor skill that have a force-sensitive component and requires recalling a

Vonage current situation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Vonage current situation - Essay Example The company claims that its technology is unique as it allows higher flexibility, more features, low cost and ease in operation and size. It has reached higher number of customers due to announcement of free unlimited calling to landline phones in all cities and locations in more than 60 countries. It also provides important facilities like call waiting and call forwarding at an affordable price. It is in touch with all the customers of different nations through web and it connects to people in USA through national retailers like Best Buy and Wal-Mart Stores Inc. Recently it launched Vonage Mobile which is its first mobile calling service and it is considered to be a free downloadable service that enables low cost international calling through cellular network or Wi-Fi. Vonage Holdings Corp. has its headquarter in Holmdel, New Jersey. Its financial status has been improved considerably relative to previous year. Though its operating revenue recorded for the second quarter i.e. April-June 2009 was lesser ($222 million) than that recorded in second quarter of 2008 ($227.5 million), it recorded a net profit of $2.28 million in 2009 compared to a net loss of $6.88 million in 2008. This is due to reduction in operating expenses in 2009. The average monthly direct costs of telephony services per line was reduced to $6.76 in 2008 from $7.22 in 2009 resulting in reduction in operating expenditure which in turn resulted in higher net profit. Vonage has gone to public in May 2006 though IPO for raising $250 million and registered as public company with New York Stock Exchange. Around 13.5% of its shares were sold to the public and 60 % of its shares were retained with the directors of the company. It was quoted at $1.76 on 7th October 2009. Its 52 week high and low values were $2.63 and $0.31 respectively which indicate that the

A Critical Research Paper on the Role of Audience in the Performing

A Critical on the Role of Audience in the Performing Arts - Research Paper Example and falling asleep, staying through the end of the presentation or will wait for a break before leaving, applauses only when its appropriate and dresses in an appropriate manner. These are the most common audience etiquette we can see in today’s modern performing arts. The shift of the 19th century audience mindset to modern standards of etiquette is indicative in America’s culture because these etiquettes are now being practiced in the corporate world. Etiquettes such as arriving early and actively listening are now being observed in America’s workplace and also in other countries. The shift also influenced larger communities such as schools and churches who are also practicing these kinds of etiquettes. The shift has greatly influenced the American culture because as we can see a lot of communities find it effective and efficient to implement these proper etiquettes. A portion of the contemporary audience will always have the patience of sitting through a play or an opera basing on their level of interest. There are still a lot plays and operas in the country which is being handled by people who are passionate and interested in these forms of entertainment. Even schools are producing plays and are encouraging their students to participate in this form of entertainment. Plays, symphonies and operas are not obsolete. As stated above it is still being produced by schools and people who are passionate and interested on these forms of entertainment. Shakespeare has been raised to such artistic heights that audience deference is now appropriate because of the integral part he has given on these forms of entertainment. Plays, symphonies and operas are far from being obsolete because of the integral value it has on the American culture. The fact that centuries have passed and still these kinds of entertainment exist is giving us very convincing information that plays, symphonies and operas will not be obsolete. There are modern day vestiges or traces from the

Research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 8

Research paper - Essay Example The detective raid Irene’s home severally and even bribes her servants but no pictures were retrieved. In an eventuality, the princess family acquires the information concerning the scandal and calls off the wedding; hence, the king loses both the princess and Irene who eventually flees with his lawyer lover to America. During her departure to America, Irene sends Holmes a letter telling him how he foresaw his schemes in his detective mission and leaves her picture portrait to be given to the king. This paper will analyse the general overview of the short story and how femininity is portrayed as the main theme in the story. Analysis The short story contains four characters namely Walton, Holmes, the king and the only woman named Irene. However, the narrator brings out the woman Irene as the main character who takes the central point in the story. In this case, the author tried to bring out the contrast between the woman character and the expected woman character in the 19th ce ntury also referred to as the Victorian era. Unlike the usual Victorian woman perceived to be naive and submissive, the author brings out the character Irene in a different perspective (Doyle 11). To begin with, the author depicts the secretive nature of Irene because she secretly hid the much-wanted photo from everyone and eventually runs away secretly with his lover to another country. In addition, the author depicts Irene’s nature of instinct because somehow, she knew that the king was marrying a Scandinavian princess and more still, her instinct showed her that her precious picture portrait was needed; hence, she hid it. The other amazing fact about her instinct is that she knew that the king was planning for her arrest and that is why she run away in time with his lawyer lover to America. More so, Irene knew that Holmes would visit her home in an attempt to arrest her. On a more interesting note, she exactly knew that Holmes would come looking for the picture where he ha d previously seen it; hence, Irene kept a letter in the same place for Holmes to read and her portrait picture of the king to possess. However, Irene possesses the Victorian woman values because the author depicts how women valued their homes, children and other domestic valuables because in the 19th century, the woman was a homemaker who got married and took care of her home. Irene Adler portrays such a character by rushing home to hide her most valued items, the picture of her, and the king after she learned that the king needed the precious picture portrays (Doyle 11). Moreover, the author depicts how women of the Victorian era were victims of love because they had no authority over the male decisions in terms of love affairs. Irene, who is entangled in a past affair with the king, and uses the picture as the weapon to fight and protect her love right depict this weakness. Nevertheless, Irene Adler’s intelligence surpasses the few portrayed weaknesses, because prior to her instinctive and secretive nature, she goes ahead to show her intelligence by keeping the portrait of his former lover, as a weapon that will protect her from future steps that the king might take, which shows that she has strong intensions of controlling rather than destroying. Ideally, Irene Adler’s beauty and brains lays a platform for admiration. The admiration is in a puzzle concept because at the end of the story the

First Language Acquisition Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

First Language Acquisition - Literature review Example s of language acquisition illustrate that imitation is not sufficient to understand first language and use it flawlessly within the short time that children manage to expend while learning it. According to Hauser (2000, p352) imitation is neither applicable in other primates in experimental learning of simple learning following instructions. This illustrates the complexity of language learning, a fact that underscores the structured nature of the process of first language acquisition in early childhood. Another key fact witnessed in the process followed in early childhood during the acquisition of first language involves production of sounds by the baby, despite the fact that they never heard them before. Pardo, Piorkowski, Remez and Rubin (2001, p.25) observe that different qualities of sound require specialized production which cannot simply originate from imitated actions. The authors further enumerate the role of non-speech communication learnt by children as an important reference point that imitation must not take the whole concept of language acquisition, which is complex than that. This fact underscores the high neurological involvement of the human learning process, best done during early stages of development. Involving language in this category of learning processes shows that communication is part of the innate social attributes that human beings possess, with language acting as a highly specialized indicator of high-end species organization (Chomsky, Fitch and Hauser 2 002, p570). A different perspective on the facts of acquisition of language highlights the issue of competence and performance, where children demonstrate impeccable acquisition of understanding before practicing. According to Chomsky (2000, p77) initial language usage does not necessarily correspond with understanding of issues, which could hinder communication. The author bases theories of competence on the principle that language is more of an expression of inner monologue among

Educational benefits of Television on Children Essay

Educational benefits of Television on Children - Essay Example However, despite this distinction, the American Pediatric Association has nevertheless discouraged television viewing by pre-school children for more than two hours a day, and has recommended no television at all for children below two years of age. This research seeks to determine the beneficial effects of educational television programs for infants, toddlers, and young children of pre-school age, and to understand the factors that positively contribute to these benefits. Introduction Television is the most influential of the popular media (Schneider & Fisch, 2001:29). Television has the power to engage people through its entertaining programming, and has proven a powerful tool to inform, influence, and educate. This had led Boyer (1991:140) to comment: â€Å"Television, next to parents, is the child’s most influential teacher.† The problem for many is that this works both ways: considerable data proves that televisions can exert both positive and negative influence on children. There has been tremendous research that has gone to proving that television is capable of programming children to consumerism, violence and sex. Many of the ill effects of TV viewing on children are unintentional offshoots of programs intended to entertain a wider segment of the viewing audience, targeting particularly adults. However, there is a narrower market segment which intentionally focuses on commercial broadcasting for the purpose of educating young children. The most successful of these programs is Sesame Street, begun more than 30 years ago by Joan Ganz Cooney, which had been adopted in many countries worldwide. Numerous research studies have shown that children of preschool age have significantly benefitted from exposure to Sesame Street, and these beneficial effects have endured over several years (Fish & Truglio, 2000, in Schneider & Fisch, 2001). Other successful shows produced by Children’s Television Workshop (CTW), the producers of Sesame Street, are 3-2-1 Contact, Square One TV, and Cro. Other producers have created Bill Nye, the Science Guy; Beakman’s World; and Magic School Bus (Schneider & Fisch, 2001:30). Reservations about the educational benefits for toddlers Most academic studies conducted on children targeted the 3-to-5-year-old age group, thus the educational effect of television on this age group is well documented. Very few studies have been made, however, on the below-3-year-old audience routinely exposed to educational television. Among TV shows dedicated to the 0-to-3-year-old age group are Sesame Street and Teletubbies, and the videos Baby Einstein and Baby Bach. The lack of conclusive data has spawned a debate about whether toddlers are even cognitively prepared to understand and learn from educational programs aired on television (or video recordings). According to Fisch (2004:45), the lack of readiness of toddlers to comprehend TV programs is supported by the recommendation by the American Academy o f Pediatrics (AAP) for television shows to be completely avoided for children below 2 years old.